// 93d6fdd11d: Risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among sepsis survivors in Taiwan: analysis of a nationwide population-based cohort (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051502)
dag {
sepsis [exposure]
ohca [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
charlson [adjusted]
cardiovascular_disease [adjusted]
diabetes [adjusted]
infection_source [adjusted]
septic_shock [adjusted]
renal_dysfunction
prior_arrhythmia_heart_failure_severity
socioeconomic_status_income_urbanization
sepsis -> ohca
age -> sepsis
age -> ohca
sex -> sepsis
sex -> ohca
charlson -> sepsis
charlson -> ohca
cardiovascular_disease -> sepsis
cardiovascular_disease -> ohca
diabetes -> sepsis
diabetes -> ohca
infection_source -> sepsis
infection_source -> ohca
septic_shock -> sepsis
septic_shock -> ohca
renal_dysfunction -> sepsis
renal_dysfunction -> ohca
prior_arrhythmia_heart_failure_severity -> sepsis
prior_arrhythmia_heart_failure_severity -> ohca
socioeconomic_status_income_urbanization -> sepsis
socioeconomic_status_income_urbanization -> ohca
}

// 2efbc1e830: Association of Physical Activity With Risk of Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42660)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age_baseline [adjusted]
cancer_stage [adjusted]
fatigue [adjusted]
charlson_index [adjusted]
years_since_diagnosis [adjusted]
race_ethnicity [adjusted]
insomnia [adjusted]
depression [adjusted]
adjuvant_treatments [adjusted]
socioeconomic_status
smoking_status
exposure -> outcome
age_baseline -> exposure
age_baseline -> outcome
cancer_stage -> exposure
cancer_stage -> outcome
fatigue -> exposure
fatigue -> outcome
charlson_index -> exposure
charlson_index -> outcome
years_since_diagnosis -> exposure
years_since_diagnosis -> outcome
race_ethnicity -> exposure
race_ethnicity -> outcome
insomnia -> exposure
insomnia -> outcome
depression -> exposure
depression -> outcome
adjuvant_treatments -> exposure
adjuvant_treatments -> outcome
socioeconomic_status -> exposure
socioeconomic_status -> outcome
smoking_status -> exposure
smoking_status -> outcome
}

// 50eb8cada5: Consumption of coffee and tea and risk of developing stroke, dementia, and poststroke dementia: A cohort study in the UK Biobank (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003830)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
sex [adjusted]
age [adjusted]
ethnicity [adjusted]
qualification [adjusted]
income [adjusted]
bmi [adjusted]
physical_activity [adjusted]
alcohol_status [adjusted]
smoking_status [adjusted]
diet_pattern [adjusted]
cad [adjusted]
diabetes [adjusted]
cancer [adjusted]
hdl [adjusted]
ldl [adjusted]
hypertension [adjusted]
baseline_cognition
depressive_symptoms
sleep_duration
exposure -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
ethnicity -> exposure
ethnicity -> outcome
qualification -> exposure
qualification -> outcome
income -> exposure
income -> outcome
bmi -> exposure
bmi -> outcome
physical_activity -> exposure
physical_activity -> outcome
alcohol_status -> exposure
alcohol_status -> outcome
smoking_status -> exposure
smoking_status -> outcome
diet_pattern -> exposure
diet_pattern -> outcome
cad -> exposure
cad -> outcome
diabetes -> exposure
diabetes -> outcome
cancer -> exposure
cancer -> outcome
hdl -> exposure
hdl -> outcome
ldl -> exposure
ldl -> outcome
hypertension -> exposure
hypertension -> outcome
baseline_cognition -> exposure
baseline_cognition -> outcome
depressive_symptoms -> exposure
depressive_symptoms -> outcome
sleep_duration -> exposure
sleep_duration -> outcome
}

// 0efabd9dcc: Association between de Quervain syndrome and herpes zoster: a population-based cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046891)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
ckd [adjusted]
diabetes [adjusted]
cad [adjusted]
depression [adjusted]
obesity
occupational_manual_labor
systemic_corticosteroid_use
current_smoking
low_socioeconomic_status
hiv_infection
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
ckd -> exposure
ckd -> outcome
diabetes -> exposure
diabetes -> outcome
cad -> exposure
cad -> outcome
depression -> exposure
depression -> outcome
obesity -> exposure
obesity -> outcome
occupational_manual_labor -> exposure
occupational_manual_labor -> outcome
systemic_corticosteroid_use -> exposure
systemic_corticosteroid_use -> outcome
current_smoking -> exposure
current_smoking -> outcome
low_socioeconomic_status -> exposure
low_socioeconomic_status -> outcome
hiv_infection -> exposure
hiv_infection -> outcome
}

// 48e796c60f: Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and black carbon in relation to natural and cause-specific mortality: a multicohort study in Sweden (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046040)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
sex [adjusted]
calendar_year [adjusted]
smoking_status [adjusted]
alcohol_consumption [adjusted]
physical_activity [adjusted]
marital_status [adjusted]
socioeconomic_index [adjusted]
education_level [adjusted]
area_socioeconomic_status [adjusted]
bmi
exposure -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
calendar_year -> exposure
calendar_year -> outcome
smoking_status -> exposure
smoking_status -> outcome
alcohol_consumption -> exposure
alcohol_consumption -> outcome
physical_activity -> exposure
physical_activity -> outcome
marital_status -> exposure
marital_status -> outcome
socioeconomic_index -> exposure
socioeconomic_index -> outcome
education_level -> exposure
education_level -> outcome
area_socioeconomic_status -> exposure
area_socioeconomic_status -> outcome
bmi -> exposure
bmi -> outcome
}

// e6c0c01ebc: Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid-related death: A population-based nested case-control study (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002396)
dag {
exp_gab [exposure]
outc_death [outcome]
conf_age_sex [adjusted]
conf_ckd [adjusted]
conf_opioid_dose [adjusted]
conf_meds [adjusted]
conf_cancer [adjusted]
conf_alcohol [adjusted]
conf_cci [adjusted]
conf_lung [adjusted]
conf_diabetes [adjusted]
conf_pharmacy [adjusted]
conf_prescriber [adjusted]
conf_risk_index [adjusted]
med_methadone [adjusted]
med_ssri [adjusted]
med_benzodiazepines [adjusted]
med_other_psychotropic [adjusted]
psychiatric_illness_severity
socioeconomic_status
underlying_pain_condition
illicit_drug_use
tobacco_use
exp_gab -> outc_death
conf_age_sex -> exp_gab
conf_age_sex -> outc_death
conf_ckd -> exp_gab
conf_ckd -> outc_death
conf_opioid_dose -> exp_gab
conf_opioid_dose -> outc_death
conf_meds -> exp_gab
conf_meds -> outc_death
conf_cancer -> exp_gab
conf_cancer -> outc_death
conf_alcohol -> exp_gab
conf_alcohol -> outc_death
conf_cci -> exp_gab
conf_cci -> outc_death
conf_lung -> exp_gab
conf_lung -> outc_death
conf_diabetes -> exp_gab
conf_diabetes -> outc_death
conf_pharmacy -> exp_gab
conf_pharmacy -> outc_death
conf_prescriber -> exp_gab
conf_prescriber -> outc_death
conf_risk_index -> exp_gab
conf_risk_index -> outc_death
med_methadone -> exp_gab
med_methadone -> outc_death
med_ssri -> exp_gab
med_ssri -> outc_death
med_benzodiazepines -> exp_gab
med_benzodiazepines -> outc_death
med_other_psychotropic -> exp_gab
med_other_psychotropic -> outc_death
psychiatric_illness_severity -> exp_gab
psychiatric_illness_severity -> outc_death
socioeconomic_status -> exp_gab
socioeconomic_status -> outc_death
underlying_pain_condition -> exp_gab
underlying_pain_condition -> outc_death
illicit_drug_use -> exp_gab
illicit_drug_use -> outc_death
tobacco_use -> exp_gab
tobacco_use -> outc_death
}

// 03d4b0d3bf: Varenicline and Risk of Self-Harm: A Nested Case-Control Study (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163681)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
history_self_harm [adjusted]
psychotropic_meds [adjusted]
alcohol_abuse [adjusted]
mental_health_admission [adjusted]
ses [adjusted]
charlson_comorbidity [adjusted]
physician_visits [adjusted]
ed_visits [adjusted]
psychiatrist_visits [adjusted]
past_psychotropic_use [adjusted]
psychiatric_comorbidities [adjusted]
total_drugs_dispensed [adjusted]
prior_quit_attempts
recent_life_stressors
illicit_substance_use
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
history_self_harm -> exposure
history_self_harm -> outcome
psychotropic_meds -> exposure
psychotropic_meds -> outcome
alcohol_abuse -> exposure
alcohol_abuse -> outcome
mental_health_admission -> exposure
mental_health_admission -> outcome
ses -> exposure
ses -> outcome
charlson_comorbidity -> exposure
charlson_comorbidity -> outcome
physician_visits -> exposure
physician_visits -> outcome
ed_visits -> exposure
ed_visits -> outcome
psychiatrist_visits -> exposure
psychiatrist_visits -> outcome
past_psychotropic_use -> exposure
past_psychotropic_use -> outcome
psychiatric_comorbidities -> exposure
psychiatric_comorbidities -> outcome
total_drugs_dispensed -> exposure
total_drugs_dispensed -> outcome
prior_quit_attempts -> exposure
prior_quit_attempts -> outcome
recent_life_stressors -> exposure
recent_life_stressors -> outcome
illicit_substance_use -> exposure
illicit_substance_use -> outcome
}

// e986586ca2: Use of sugar in coffee and tea and long-term risk of mortality in older adult Danish men: 32 years of follow-up from a prospective cohort study (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292882)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
smoking_status [adjusted]
alcohol_intake [adjusted]
bmi [adjusted]
systolic_bp [adjusted]
socioeconomic_status [adjusted]
cups_per_day [adjusted]
physical_activity
self_rated_health
medication_use
depressive_symptoms
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
smoking_status -> exposure
smoking_status -> outcome
alcohol_intake -> exposure
alcohol_intake -> outcome
bmi -> exposure
bmi -> outcome
systolic_bp -> exposure
systolic_bp -> outcome
socioeconomic_status -> exposure
socioeconomic_status -> outcome
cups_per_day -> exposure
cups_per_day -> outcome
physical_activity -> exposure
physical_activity -> outcome
self_rated_health -> exposure
self_rated_health -> outcome
medication_use -> exposure
medication_use -> outcome
depressive_symptoms -> exposure
depressive_symptoms -> outcome
}

// 2f50ed8247: Prospective association between ultra-processed food consumption and incident depressive symptoms in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1312-y)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
bmi [adjusted]
marital_status [adjusted]
education [adjusted]
occupation [adjusted]
income [adjusted]
smoking [adjusted]
physical_activity [adjusted]
dietary_patterns [adjusted]
energy_intake [adjusted]
alcohol_consumption [adjusted]
number_of_records [adjusted]
baseline_cesd_score [adjusted]
use_of_antidepressants [adjusted]
cds_score [adjusted]
social_isolation
family_depression
neuroticism
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
bmi -> exposure
bmi -> outcome
marital_status -> exposure
marital_status -> outcome
education -> exposure
education -> outcome
occupation -> exposure
occupation -> outcome
income -> exposure
income -> outcome
smoking -> exposure
smoking -> outcome
physical_activity -> exposure
physical_activity -> outcome
dietary_patterns -> exposure
dietary_patterns -> outcome
energy_intake -> exposure
energy_intake -> outcome
alcohol_consumption -> exposure
alcohol_consumption -> outcome
number_of_records -> exposure
number_of_records -> outcome
baseline_cesd_score -> exposure
baseline_cesd_score -> outcome
use_of_antidepressants -> exposure
use_of_antidepressants -> outcome
cds_score -> exposure
cds_score -> outcome
social_isolation -> exposure
social_isolation -> outcome
family_depression -> exposure
family_depression -> outcome
neuroticism -> exposure
neuroticism -> outcome
}

// 53def092ed: Duration and dosing of Proton Pump Inhibitors associated with high incidence of chronic kidney disease in population-based cohort (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204231)
dag {
ppi_use [exposure]
incident_ckd [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
hypertension [adjusted]
diabetes [adjusted]
obesity [adjusted]
smoking [adjusted]
antihypertensive_treatment [adjusted]
nsaiids [adjusted]
high_dose_ppi [adjusted]
baseline_egfr
socioeconomic_status
gi_indication_for_ppi
alcohol_consumption
other_nephrotoxic_drugs
ppi_use -> incident_ckd
age -> ppi_use
age -> incident_ckd
sex -> ppi_use
sex -> incident_ckd
hypertension -> ppi_use
hypertension -> incident_ckd
diabetes -> ppi_use
diabetes -> incident_ckd
obesity -> ppi_use
obesity -> incident_ckd
smoking -> ppi_use
smoking -> incident_ckd
antihypertensive_treatment -> ppi_use
antihypertensive_treatment -> incident_ckd
nsaiids -> ppi_use
nsaiids -> incident_ckd
high_dose_ppi -> incident_ckd
baseline_egfr -> ppi_use
baseline_egfr -> incident_ckd
socioeconomic_status -> ppi_use
socioeconomic_status -> incident_ckd
gi_indication_for_ppi -> ppi_use
gi_indication_for_ppi -> incident_ckd
alcohol_consumption -> ppi_use
alcohol_consumption -> incident_ckd
other_nephrotoxic_drugs -> ppi_use
other_nephrotoxic_drugs -> incident_ckd
}

// 04f7a5ae60: The association between use of proton-pump inhibitors and excess mortality after kidney transplantation: A cohort study (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003140)
dag {
ppi [exposure]
mortality [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
bmi [adjusted]
egfr [adjusted]
proteinuria [adjusted]
time_since_transplant [adjusted]
deceased_donor [adjusted]
primary_renal_disease [adjusted]
donor_age [adjusted]
hla_mismatches [adjusted]
induction_therapy [adjusted]
alcohol_use [adjusted]
smoking [adjusted]
antihypertensive [adjusted]
platelet_inhibitors [adjusted]
vitamin_k_antagonists [adjusted]
cnis [adjusted]
diabetes [adjusted]
cardiovascular_disease [adjusted]
plasma_magnesium [adjusted]
serum_iron [adjusted]
peptic_ulcer
frailty
nsaid_use
albumin
ppi -> mortality
age -> ppi
age -> mortality
sex -> ppi
sex -> mortality
bmi -> ppi
bmi -> mortality
egfr -> ppi
egfr -> mortality
proteinuria -> ppi
proteinuria -> mortality
time_since_transplant -> ppi
time_since_transplant -> mortality
deceased_donor -> ppi
deceased_donor -> mortality
primary_renal_disease -> ppi
primary_renal_disease -> mortality
donor_age -> ppi
donor_age -> mortality
hla_mismatches -> ppi
hla_mismatches -> mortality
induction_therapy -> ppi
induction_therapy -> mortality
alcohol_use -> ppi
alcohol_use -> mortality
smoking -> ppi
smoking -> mortality
antihypertensive -> ppi
antihypertensive -> mortality
platelet_inhibitors -> ppi
platelet_inhibitors -> mortality
vitamin_k_antagonists -> ppi
vitamin_k_antagonists -> mortality
cnis -> ppi
cnis -> mortality
diabetes -> ppi
diabetes -> mortality
cardiovascular_disease -> ppi
cardiovascular_disease -> mortality
plasma_magnesium -> ppi
plasma_magnesium -> mortality
serum_iron -> ppi
serum_iron -> mortality
peptic_ulcer -> ppi
peptic_ulcer -> mortality
frailty -> ppi
frailty -> mortality
nsaid_use -> ppi
nsaid_use -> mortality
albumin -> ppi
albumin -> mortality
}

// c29b8b42a5: Association of Total Daily Physical Activity and Fragmented Physical Activity With Mortality in Older Adults (doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12352)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
race_ethnicity [adjusted]
bmi [adjusted]
smoking [adjusted]
employment [adjusted]
self_reported_health [adjusted]
grip_strength [adjusted]
gait_speed [adjusted]
comorbidities [adjusted]
device_wear_time [adjusted]
short_bouts
frailty_index
cognitive_function
depressive_symptoms
education_level
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
race_ethnicity -> exposure
race_ethnicity -> outcome
bmi -> exposure
bmi -> outcome
smoking -> exposure
smoking -> outcome
employment -> exposure
employment -> outcome
self_reported_health -> exposure
self_reported_health -> outcome
grip_strength -> exposure
grip_strength -> outcome
gait_speed -> exposure
gait_speed -> outcome
comorbidities -> exposure
comorbidities -> outcome
device_wear_time -> exposure
device_wear_time -> outcome
exposure -> short_bouts
short_bouts -> outcome
frailty_index -> exposure
frailty_index -> outcome
cognitive_function -> exposure
cognitive_function -> outcome
depressive_symptoms -> exposure
depressive_symptoms -> outcome
education_level -> exposure
education_level -> outcome
}

// 6e1609603b: Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: A prospective analysis of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003256)
dag {
exposure [exposure]
outcome [outcome]
age [adjusted]
sex [adjusted]
education [adjusted]
marital_status [adjusted]
smoking [adjusted]
physical_activity [adjusted]
energy_intake [adjusted]
alcohol_intake [adjusted]
diet_quality [adjusted]
dietary_patterns [adjusted]
household_income
sleep_duration
baseline_bmi [adjusted]
exposure -> outcome
age -> exposure
age -> outcome
sex -> exposure
sex -> outcome
education -> exposure
education -> outcome
marital_status -> exposure
marital_status -> outcome
smoking -> exposure
smoking -> outcome
physical_activity -> exposure
physical_activity -> outcome
energy_intake -> exposure
energy_intake -> outcome
alcohol_intake -> exposure
alcohol_intake -> outcome
diet_quality -> exposure
diet_quality -> outcome
dietary_patterns -> exposure
dietary_patterns -> outcome
household_income -> exposure
household_income -> outcome
sleep_duration -> exposure
baseline_bmi -> exposure
baseline_bmi -> outcome
}

// 3447637879: Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes (doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70712-9)
dag {
ppi [exposure]
hip_fracture [outcome]
age [adjusted]
gender [adjusted]
cci [adjusted]
hypertension [adjusted]
stroke [adjusted]
chronic_renal_failure [adjusted]
use_of_anticoagulants [adjusted]
use_of_sedatives [adjusted]
use_of_statins [adjusted]
glucocorticoid_use
smoking_status
ppi -> hip_fracture
age -> ppi
age -> hip_fracture
gender -> ppi
gender -> hip_fracture
cci -> ppi
cci -> hip_fracture
hypertension -> ppi
hypertension -> hip_fracture
stroke -> ppi
stroke -> hip_fracture
chronic_renal_failure -> ppi
chronic_renal_failure -> hip_fracture
use_of_anticoagulants -> ppi
use_of_anticoagulants -> hip_fracture
use_of_sedatives -> ppi
use_of_sedatives -> hip_fracture
use_of_statins -> ppi
use_of_statins -> hip_fracture
glucocorticoid_use -> ppi
glucocorticoid_use -> hip_fracture
smoking_status -> ppi
smoking_status -> hip_fracture
}